Safety Profile of Molnupiravir with Significant Effect on COVID-19: A Review

Background: As the COVID era unfolds, researchers reveal that rapid changes in viral genetic material allow viruses to circumvent challenges triggered by the host immune system and resist anti-viral drugs, potentially leading to persistent viral manifestations in host cells. Molnupiravir (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor) is a novel anti-viral medicine promising a vital role in coming setbacks.Objectives: This review aims to clarify the safety and efficacy of the molnupiravir molecule in light of existing case studies. As a result, it is intended to explore and discuss the molecular structure, mechanism of action, discovery and development process, preclinical research, clinical investigations, and other subtopics.Methods: A total of 75 publications were searched using multiple engines, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and others, with a constraint applied to exclude publications published over 11 years ago. Molnupiravir, safety, efficacy, COVID- 19, RdRp, PK-PD, and clinical study were utilized as keywords.Results: Clinical results on molnupiravir are supported by investigations that were recently disclosed in a study on both sex volunteers (male and female) with an age restriction of 19 to 60 years, followed by a Phase-3 Clinical Trial (NCT04575584) with 775 randomly assigned participants and no fatalities reported due to treatment.Conclusion: Molnupiravir proved a high level of safety, allowing it to be tested further. This review supports the safety and efficacy of this molecule based on the established evidence, which claims the most anticipated employment of molnupiravir in COVID protocol.

Feedback analysis for digital marketing in India: Empirical Study on Amazon.in, Flipkart, and Snapdeal

In the context of fastest growing Indian online market, the big players like Amazon.in, Flipkart. com, Snapdeal.com, etc. are in a competitive journey to expand their market share. This paper is an attempt in modelling customer feedback for the said e-market players. The paper uses feed forward neural networks with maximum two hidden layers and back propagation kind of supervised learning algorithm. The paper found satisfactory level of success and concludes usefulness of customer feedback for both customers (for purchase decision) and marketers (for product development) points of view. It is a footstep and opens a new research challenge for the post-COVID era of business. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Connecting the dots between inflammatory cascades of obesity and COVID-19 in light of mortal consequences-a review.

Obesity is a term that has recently been referred to describe a condition in which a person has become a diseased vessel. Obesity's internal pathology is too mysterious as it has a close resemblance with fatal diseases pathology. Obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are simultaneous epidemics declared by many organizations after observing their rampage in the recent world. Oxidative stress, cytokine storm, interleukin, and their contribution to the internal adipocyte environment implicated in the cascades of inflammatory pathology are portrayed here. Major determinants like angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) axis are highly sensitive molecular factors. Data from various countries suggested a clinical overview of how greater body mass index (BMI) is related to greater COVID-19 risk. It also gives insight into how obese individuals are obligately getting admitted and combating COVID-19 in intensive care unit including children less than 13 years of age under ultimate therapeutic options. There are numerous studies currently taking place for finding a cure for obesity which are mainly focused on natural resources and novel therapies like photobiomodulation (PBM) consisting of laser treatment, infrared treatment, etc. as current pharmacological treatments are reported to have fatal adverse effects. Finally, it is discussed how attenuating obesity will be a solution for future combat strategy. This review gives light on the areas of coagulation, inflammatory parameters, cardiometabolic complications, endothelial dysfunctions, immunological infirmity due to COVID-19 in obese individuals. A conceptual outline about correlation between the inflammatory pathophysiological steps triggering the aggravation of fatal consequences has been drawn in this review.

Connecting the dots between inflammatory cascades of obesity and COVID-19 in light of mortal consequences—a review

Obesity is a term that has recently been referred to describe a condition in which a person has become a diseased vessel. Obesity’s internal pathology is too mysterious as it has a close resemblance with fatal diseases pathology. Obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are simultaneous epidemics declared by many organizations after observing their rampage in the recent world. Oxidative stress, cytokine storm, interleukin, and their contribution to the internal adipocyte environment implicated in the cascades of inflammatory pathology are portrayed here. Major determinants like angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) axis are highly sensitive molecular factors. Data from various countries suggested a clinical overview of how greater body mass index (BMI) is related to greater COVID-19 risk. It also gives insight into how obese individuals are obligately getting admitted and combating COVID-19 in intensive care unit including children less than 13 years of age under ultimate therapeutic options. There are numerous studies currently taking place for finding a cure for obesity which are mainly focused on natural resources and novel therapies like photobiomodulation (PBM) consisting of laser treatment, infrared treatment, etc. as current pharmacological treatments are reported to have fatal adverse effects. Finally, it is discussed how attenuating obesity will be a solution for future combat strategy. This review gives light on the areas of coagulation, inflammatory parameters, cardiometabolic complications, endothelial dysfunctions, immunological infirmity due to COVID-19 in obese individuals. A conceptual outline about correlation between the inflammatory pathophysiological steps triggering the aggravation of fatal consequences has been drawn in this review. Graphical

Anticipated pharmacological role of Aviptadil on COVID-19.

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide that is produced by the lymphoid cells and plays a major role in immunological functions for controlling the homeostasis of the immune system. VIP has been identified as a potent anti-inflammatory factor, in boosting both innate and adaptive immunity. Since December 2019, SARS-Cov-2 was found responsible for the disease COVID-19 which has spread worldwide. No specific therapies or 100% effective vaccines are yet available for the treatment of COVID-19. Drug repositioning may offer a strategy and several drugs have been repurposed, including lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, favipiravir, and tocilizumab. This paper describes the main pharmacological properties of synthetic VIP drug (Aviptadil) which is now under clinical trials. A patented formulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), named RLF-100 (Aviptadil), was developed and finally got approved for human trials by FDA in 2001 and in European medicines agency in 2005. It was awarded Orphan Drug Designation in 2001 by the US FDA for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome and for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in 2005. Investigational new drug (IND) licenses for human trials of Aviptadil was guaranteed by both the US FDA and EMEA. Preliminary clinical trials seem to support Aviptadil's benefit. However, such drugs like Aviptadil in COVID-19 patients have peculiar safety profiles. Thus, adequate clinical trials are necessary for these compounds.